literature Review

Assignment On Literature Review

Title For Research: - Deprivation of the Human Rights Literature and Perennial Alienation in the Novels of Khaled Hosseini

Ph.D Student: - Reena Khasatiya

In the subject of ENGLISH under the faculty of Arts, Maharaja Krishnkumarsinhji University, Bhavnagar

 

A Table of all works reviewed or considered for review

STEP: 1

Table. 1 Names of the journals or books and the numbers of the relevant articles included.

Sr. No	Name of the Journal or Book	Total Number of Articles & Books Relevant	Name of the Articles or Books Relevant
1	JSTOR	19	7
2	SCOUPS
3	Elsevier	6	1
4	Academia	17	5
5	International Journal of all Research and Scientific Methods	1	1
6	Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies	12	2
7	Human Rights Watch	8	1
8	Books	10	9
9	Shodhganga	12	1
10	.gov.website	4	1
11	Springer	7	1
12	Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science	1	1
13	Quest Journal	2	1
	Total	99	31

 

 

Table. 2 Research studies on Human Rights Literature

Sr. no	Referred Articles/ Reference	General Findings	Theory/ Approach Used	Research Focus
1	Human Rights: An interdisciplinary Approach Author _ Michael Freeman	-Crimes against humanity And the stance of Human Rights in ordinary people’s Everyday life. -Human Rights Law And UN	Analytical and Descriptive Method	Globalization, Development, Poverty: Economics and Human Rights
2	Emerging Areas of Human Rights in the 21st Century The Role of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Edited By_ Marco Odello, Sofia Cavandoli	Book widely talk about the relationship between human rights and political institutions.  What are the challenges in this area and what can be the solution is key concern of research.	Analytical and Descriptive Method	Human rights and political institutions.   What is the role of government for challenges in human rights at present.
3	Taliban Rule 2.0 in Afghanistan: A Brief Overview Author_ Sikandar Ansari	Immerging Taliban in Afghanistan and Historical background of country. The reign of Taliban and life of ordinary human. In addition, the effect of War on society.	Analytical and Descriptive   Method	Condition of human rights in the reign of Taliban in Afghanistan at present.
4	Sharia and Women’s rights in Afghanistan  Author_Anastasiya Hozyainova	Law and Women’s rights in Afghanistan. Detailed Data shows the place of women in public life as well in politics.	Analytical and Descriptive Method	Women and Human rights.
5	Challenges in Human Rights: A Social Work Perspective	Human Rights in the Twenty first century: Creating a new paradigm for social work and Human Rights Violations Against Female Offenders and inmates.	Analytical and Descriptive Method

 

STEP: 2

Annoted Bibliography of selected work in an alphabetical order

1 Challenges in Human Rights: A Social Work Perspective

Edited by_ Elisabeth Reichert

In the above mentioned book Elisabeth Reichert demonstrate how approaching social work from a human rights perspective can profoundly affect legislation, resource management, and enforcement of policies. She writes, However, in applying human rights to contemporary situations, social workers often encounter challenges that require thinking outside the box.

Topics include the reconciliation of cultural relativism with universal human rights; the debate over whether human rights truly promote economic and social development or simply allow economically developed societies to exploit underdeveloped countries; the role of gender in the practice of human rights and many more areas are covered by Elisabeth.

2 Emerging Areas of Human Rights in the 21^st Century: The Role of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Edited By_ Marco Odello, Sofia Cavandoli

 “Emerging Areas of Human Rights in the 21^st Century: The Role of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights” was written by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im. It was published by Routledge, an academic publisher of books, journals, and online resources in the humanities and social sciences. One of the strengths of An-Na’im’s book is its focus on practical solutions for protecting human rights in the face of these new challenges. He argues that international institutions, civil society organizations, and governments must work together to develop new frameworks for protecting human rights in these emerging areas. This includes creating new international treaties, establishing new human rights institutions, and developing new policies and programs to address the specific challenges facing these groups.

 

One of the strengths of this book is its focus on practical solutions for protecting human rights in these emerging areas. An-Na’im suggests creating new international treaties, establishing new human rights institutions, and developing new policies and programs to address the specific challenges facing these groups.

 

 

 

3 Human Rights: An interdisciplinary Approach

Author _ Michael Freeman         

Michael Freeman has written extensively on human rights. “Human Rights: An interdisciplinary Approach” is his notable work. This book has been praised for its comprehensive and accessible approach to the study of human rights. This analysis throws light on some of the most controversial issues in the field: What are the causes of human-rights violations? Is the idea of universal human rights consistent with respect for cultural difference? Are we living in a ‘post-human rights’ world? (John Wiley & Sons)

https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_vis=1&q=human+Rights+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1683309382576&u=%23p%3Djl4fiAVPAj0J

The concept of human rights becomes relevant in ordinary people when the relative security of everyday life is absent or snatched away. It has been said that human rights are most needed when they are most violated. The Universal declaration claims that human rights are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace, but does not say how these values are related conceptually or empirically.

Moreover, in this book Freeman focus on the rise and fall of natural rights, justice and rights, Universality Diversity and difference: Culture and Human rights etc,.

 

4  Rule 2.0 in Afghanistan: A Brief Overview Author_ Sikandar Ansari

In this recently published article Sikandar Ansari makes sense of Who is Taliban? And it’s historical background. He writes, The word Taliban is a Pashtun word. It means student. Looking at the history of the Taliban, a new government was formed in Afghanistan after the Soviet-Afghan war. After the formation of new government, it is believed that this new government failed to establish peace. That is why the conflict of power started between various organization in Afghanistan. In this situation, a popular religious organization ‘Mujaheddin’ emerged. This organization started with 50 students from a small madrasah in Kandahar. This organization was later renamed the ‘Taliban’.

In it’s first five years of rule ( 1996-2001) Taliban has made such rules like,

a) Women’s right to education and freedom were restricted.

b) Prohibiting women from going out without a male guardian in a family.

c) Compulsory for women to wear burqa and hijab and bears are mandatory for men.

d) Banned television, movies, video, music, dance and sports.

e) Coping of western clothing and culture is prohibited.

f) Shia Muslims are killed if they do not convert to Sunni.

g) The historic sculpture art Buddha statue was demolished.

Furthermore, the situation of minority Sikhs and Hindus was not good, and millions of Afghanis sought refuge in the peshwa of Pakistan due to such dire conditions.

5 Sharia and Women’s rights in Afghanistan

 Author_Anastasiya Hozyainova    

In this article Anastasiya Hozyainova presents the detailed data and law of women’s rights in Afghanistan. Under the rule of the Taliban, the lives of women are disasters.  Article says that women’s rights may be at even greater risk in the near future. The already limited public role for women has been reduced further in recent years in response to an increasing number of attacks (physical and political) on women who participate in public life.

Women’s rights organizations, activists, and legal aid organizations have noted that they Would benefit from greater access to legal resources and experts on sharia. Such demands Might be met by institutes of learning, international donors, or Islamic legal professionals. Women’s rights activists and organizations should evaluate their engagement with religious Leaders, especially at the community level, to determine whether their current work might Benefit from or be harmed by engaging with wider Islamic legal arguments

 

STEP: 3

Reorganize the ‘order’: Your ‘hypothesis’ shall guide you in reorganizing. This re-ordering depends on the flow of your arguments. Make your own trajectory.

 

 “Emerging Areas of Human Rights in the 21^st Century: The Role of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights” was written by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im. It was published by Routledge, an academic publisher of books, journals, and online resources in the humanities and social sciences. One of the strengths of An-Na’im’s book is its focus on practical solutions for protecting human rights in the face of these new challenges. He argues that international institutions, civil society organizations, and governments must work together to develop new frameworks for protecting human rights in these emerging areas. This includes creating new international treaties, establishing new human rights institutions, and developing new policies and programs to address the specific challenges facing these groups.

The concept of human rights become relevant in ordinary people when the relative  security of everyday life is absent or snatched away. It has been said that human rights are most needed when they are most violeted. The Universal declaration claims that human rights are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace, but does not say how these values are related conceptually or empirically.

Moreover in the book “Human Rights: An interdisciplinary Approach” Freeman focus on the rise and fall of natural rights, justice and rights, Universality Diversity and difference: Culture and Human rights,etc,.

Anastasiya Hozyainova presents the detailed data and law of women’s rights in Afghanistan. Under the rule of the Taliban, the lives of women are disasters.  Article says that women’s rights may be at even greater risk in the near future. The already limited public role for women has been reduced further in recent years in response to an increasing number of attacks (physical and political) on women who participate in public life.

Women’s rights organizations, activists, and legal aid organizations have noted that they Would benefit from greater access to legal resources and experts on sharia. Such demands Might be met by institutes of learning, international donors, or Islamic legal professionals. Women’s rights activists and organizations should evaluate their engagement with religious Leaders, especially at the community level, to determine whether their current work might Benefit from or be harmed by engaging with wider Islamic legal arguments.

Sikandar Ansari makes sense of Who is Taliban? And it’s historical background. He writes, The word Taliban is a Pashtun word. It means student. Looking at the history of the Taliban, a new government was formed in Afghanistan after the Soviet-Afghan war. After the formation of new government, it is believed that this new government failed to establish peace. That is why the conflict of power started between various organization in Afghanistan. In this situation, a popular religious organization ‘Mujaheddin’ emerged. This organization started with 50 students from a small madrasah in Kandahar. This organization was later renamed the ‘Taliban’.

Elisabeth Reichert demonstrate how approaching social work from a human rights perspective can profoundly affect legislation, resource management, and enforcement of policies. She writes, However, in applying human rights to contemporary situations, social workers often encounter challenges that require thinking outside the box.

 

STEP : 4

Now write introductory and concluding lines. These lines shall be written to ‘hook paragraphs’ with each other. Write in such a way so the ‘transitions’ from one paragraph to another helps the ‘flow of ideas’.

Human rights argues the issues through a wide range of literary texts, fiction, plays and poetry contends that literature documents both the basic human aspirations of happiness, security and hope, as well as the violation of these aspirations.  Deprivation, discrimination, human rights violations mental health of the deprived, and perennial alienations everything is how inter contacted with the Human Rights and Khaled Hosseini how woven all the threads in his historical fiction is the key focus of study. Human rights and world literature are closely linked as literature can be a powerful tool to raise awareness and advocate for human rights issues.

 

Literature has the ability to capture and convey the experiences of individuals who have been marginalized, oppressed, or victimized in their societies, and can serve as a means to challenge dominant narratives and promote empathy and understanding. Through literature, authors can explore the complexities of social and political issues related to human rights, including discrimination, inequality, and injustice. In addition to shedding light on specific human rights issues, literature can also promote the values of human rights, such as dignity, equality, and freedom. Through works that celebrate diversity and challenge oppressive structures, literature can inspire readers to recognize and respect the inherent worth and rights of all individuals. Furthermore, literature can also serve as a means to promote cultural exchange and understanding, which is a crucial aspect of human rights work. By exposing readers to different perspectives and experiences, literature can help to bridge divides and foster empathy and mutual respect. Overall, human rights and world literature are closely intertwined, as literature can be a powerful tool for raising awareness, promoting understanding, and advocating for the values of human rights. Now, as conflict intensifies with the U.S.-led war against terrorism, Afghan women face the likelihood of further suffering and deprivation of their human rights, fundamental freedoms, and personal dignity at the hands of warring factions. Additionally, women are likely to endure some of the most serious humanitarian consequences of the military action. As the international community, and particularly the U.N., ponders the future of a post-conflict Afghanistan, accountability for past abuses and respect for women’s rights – in law and in practice – must be a central feature of any reconstruction and development plan.

STEP: 5

Now write ‘Concluding Paragraph’ of the ‘Review of Related Literature’. Start with clear, strong and concrete statement. Make your conclusions about your ‘Literature Review’.

 

In conclusion, this literature review highlights the importance of human rights as a fundamental aspect of a just and equitable society. It has explored various themes and issues related to human rights literature, including the historical evolution of human rights, the challenges faced by different marginalized groups, and the role of international organizations in promoting and protecting human rights. Despite the progress made in recent years, the review also highlights the persistence of human rights violations in many parts of the world. It is evident that human rights issues remain a critical area of concern for scholars, policymakers, and activists alike. Therefore, it is crucial to continue researching and addressing human rights issues to ensure a world where every individual’s fundamental rights and freedoms are protected and respected. The literature on human rights has demonstrated the complexity and significance of this topic. Through a range of perspectives and approaches, scholars have highlighted the importance of promoting and protecting human rights in order to ensure the dignity, equality, and freedom of individuals and communities. While there remain challenges and debates surrounding human rights, the literature reviewed in this paper has shown that it is a crucial area for ongoing research and action. understanding of human rights and work towards a more just and equitable world.

 

STEP: 6

Now, write ‘Introduction’. The thesis statement shall be ‘last’ in the Introduction and ‘first’ in the conclusion

Conclusion

By and large this study focuses more on Human’s rights. It addition the civil war, women have taken the biggest hits. Moreover, the Taliban have denied them access to all basic freedoms and rights, such as the right to free speech, association, and mobility, as well as to equal employment and educational opportunities. Afghan women now risk more suffering and deprivation of their human rights, fundamental freedoms, and personal dignity at the hands of warring factions as the conflict deepens with the U.S.-led battle against terrorism. Women are also expected to suffer from some of the military action’s most severe humanitarian impacts. As the U.N. and the rest of the international community consider Afghanistan’s post-conflict future. Hosseini’s works, particularly his first two novels, “The Kite Runner” and “A Thousand Splendid Suns,” are set against the backdrop of Afghanistan’s turbulent recent history and delve into the experiences of characters who are marginalized, oppressed, and deprived of their basic human rights. Hosseini’s novels shed light on the human rights violations and social injustice that are prevalent in Afghanistan and other conflict-ridden regions. His works highlight the experiences of individuals who are marginalized, oppressed, and deprived of their basic rights, and their struggle to overcome these obstacles. Hosseini’s writings are a powerful reminder of the need for greater empathy, understanding, and action to address the human rights challenges faced by many communities around the world.

Introduction

Afghanistan has a long history of human rights violations, which has been exacerbated by decades of conflict and war. The country has been in a state of near-constant war for more than four decades, with various factions and governments committing atrocities against civilians and violating their basic human rights. Despite these challenges, there have been some positive developments in recent years. The Afghan government has made efforts to improve the human rights situation, including passing laws to protect women’s rights and increasing access to education. However, the ongoing conflict in the country and the resurgence of the Taliban have made it difficult to make significant progress.

 

Literature Review of “Deprivation of the Human Rights and Perennial Alienation in the Novels of Khaled Hosseini

Introduction

Afghanistan has a long history of human rights violations, which has been exacerbated by decades of conflict and war. The country has been in a state of near-constant war for more than four decades, with various factions and governments committing atrocities against civilians and violating their basic human rights. Despite these challenges, there have been some positive developments in recent years. The Afghan government has made efforts to improve the human rights situation, including passing laws to protect women’s rights and increasing access to education. However, the ongoing conflict in the country and the resurgence of the Taliban have made it difficult to make significant progress.

“Emerging Areas of Human Rights in the 21^st Century: The Role of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights” was written by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im. It was published by Routledge, an academic publisher of books, journals, and online resources in the humanities and social sciences. One of the strengths of An-Na’im’s book is its focus on practical solutions for protecting human rights in the face of these new challenges. He argues that international institutions, civil society organizations, and governments must work together to develop new frameworks for protecting human rights in these emerging areas. This includes creating new international treaties, establishing new human rights institutions, and developing new policies and programs to address the specific challenges facing these groups.

The concept of human rights become relevant in ordinary people when the relative  security of everyday life is absent or snatched away. It has been said that human rights are most needed when they are most violeted. The Universal declaration claims that human rights are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace, but does not say how these values are related conceptually or empirically.

Moreover in the book “Human Rights: An interdisciplinary Approach” Freeman focus on the rise and fall of natural rights, justice and rights, Universality Diversity and difference: Culture and Human rights,etc,.

Anastasiya Hozyainova presents the detailed data and law of women’s rights in Afghanistan. Under the rule of the Taliban, the lives of women are disasters.  Article says that women’s rights may be at even greater risk in the near future. The already limited public role for women has been reduced further in recent years in response to an increasing number of attacks (physical and political) on women who participate in public life.

Women’s rights organizations, activists, and legal aid organizations have noted that they Would benefit from greater access to legal resources and experts on sharia. Such demands Might be met by institutes of learning, international donors, or Islamic legal professionals. Women’s rights activists and organizations should evaluate their engagement with religious Leaders, especially at the community level, to determine whether their current work might Benefit from or be harmed by engaging with wider Islamic legal arguments.

Sikandar Ansari makes sense of Who is Taliban? And it’s historical background. He writes, The word Taliban is a Pashtun word. It means student. Looking at the history of the Taliban, a new government was formed in Afghanistan after the Soviet-Afghan war. After the formation of new government, it is believed that this new government failed to establish peace. That is why the conflict of power started between various organization in Afghanistan. In this situation, a popular religious organization ‘Mujaheddin’ emerged. This organization started with 50 students from a small madrasah in Kandahar. This organization was later renamed the ‘Taliban’.

Elisabeth Reichert demonstrate how approaching social work from a human rights perspective can profoundly affect legislation, resource management, and enforcement of policies. She writes, However, in applying human rights to contemporary situations, social workers often encounter challenges that require thinking outside the box.

By and large this study focuses more on Human’s rights. It addition the civil war, women have taken the biggest hits. Moreover, the Taliban have denied them access to all basic freedoms and rights, such as the right to free speech, association, and mobility, as well as to equal employment and educational opportunities. Afghan women now risk more suffering and deprivation of their human rights, fundamental freedoms, and personal dignity at the hands of warring factions as the conflict deepens with the U.S.-led battle against terrorism. Women are also expected to suffer from some of the military action’s most severe humanitarian impacts. As the U.N. and the rest of the international community consider Afghanistan’s post-conflict future. Hosseini’s works, particularly his first two novels, “The Kite Runner” and “A Thousand Splendid Suns,” are set against the backdrop of Afghanistan’s turbulent recent history and delve into the experiences of characters who are marginalized, oppressed, and deprived of their basic human rights. Hosseini’s novels shed light on the human rights violations and social injustice that are prevalent in Afghanistan and other conflict-ridden regions. His works highlight the experiences of individuals who are marginalized, oppressed, and deprived of their basic rights, and their struggle to overcome these obstacles. Hosseini’s writings are a powerful reminder of the need for greater empathy, understanding, and action to address the human rights challenges faced by many communities around the world.

 

Conclusion

In conclusion, literature on human rights has demonstrated the complexity and significance of this topic. Through a range of perspectives and approaches, scholars have highlighted the importance of promoting and protecting human rights in order to ensure the dignity, equality, and freedom of individuals and communities. While there remain challenges and debates surrounding human rights, the literature reviewed in this paper has shown that it is a crucial area for ongoing research and action. By continuing to engage with this topic, scholars and practitioners can contribute to a deeper understanding of human rights and work towards a more just and equitable world.