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I.A. Richard

I.A. Richards, along with T.S. Eliot, may be called the founding father of the New
Criticism.In the view of New Critics,According to I.A. Richard, four type of Misunderstanding.
1.Careless reading
2.prosaic reading
3.inappropriate metaphor
4.difference in meaning

Here, in this blog i wanna discuss this four factors or problems in understanding of poetry with the Maithilishran Gupt's poem.

Mathilishran Gupt
"माँ कह एक कहानी।"
बेटा समझ लिया क्या तूने मुझको अपनी नानी?"
"कहती है मुझसे यह चेटीतू मेरी नानी की बेटी
कह माँ कह लेटी ही लेटीराजा था या रानी?
माँ कह एक कहानी।"

"तू है हठीमानधन मेरेसुन उपवन में बड़े सवेरे,
तात भ्रमण करते थे तेरेजहाँ सुरभी मनमानी।"
"जहाँ सुरभी मनमानी! हाँ माँ यही कहानी।"

वर्ण वर्ण के फूल खिले थेझलमल कर हिमबिंदु झिले थे,
हलके झोंके हिले मिले थेलहराता था पानी।"
"लहराता था पानीहाँ हाँ यही कहानी।"

"गाते थे खग कल कल स्वर सेसहसा एक हँस ऊपर से,
गिरा बिद्ध होकर खर शर सेहुई पक्षी की हानी।"
"हुई पक्षी की हानीकरुणा भरी कहानी!"

चौंक उन्होंने उसे उठायानया जन्म सा उसने पाया,
इतने में आखेटक आयालक्ष सिद्धि का मानी।"
"लक्ष सिद्धि का मानी! कोमल कठिन कहानी।"

"माँगा उसने आहत पक्षीतेरे तात किन्तु थे रक्षी,
तब उसने जो था खगभक्षीहठ करने की ठानी।"
"हठ करने की ठानी! अब बढ़ चली कहानी।"

हुआ विवाद सदय निर्दय मेंउभय आग्रही थे स्वविषय में,
गयी बात तब न्यायालय मेंसुनी सब ने जानी।"
"सुनी सब ने जानी! व्यापक हुई कहानी।"

राहुल तू निर्णय कर इसकान्याय पक्ष लेता है किसका?"
"माँ मेरी क्या बानीमैं सुन रहा कहानी।
कोई निरपराध को मारे तो क्यों न उसे उबारे?
रक्षक पर भक्षक को वारेन्याय दया का दानी।"
"न्याय दया का दानी! तूने गुणी कहानी।"
- मैथिलीशरण गुप्त
(Verbal Analysis of poem)
Here, Rahul (son of Budhdha) is the narrator of poem and he is innocently asking to telll a story to his mother Yashodhra and she is telling a story to him.
She starts a story with narration of gardern where budhdha was strolling where flowers were blossom and lake was full with fresh water and suddenly he saw that one bird fall down which was killed by hunter.
Issue arised for justice..and reach to the court.
Thus, this is the poem in which Yashodhara told the real story of Budhdha to her son Rahul and At the end she is asking question to us or Rahul that justice should in whose favour?

One of the serious cause of misunderstanding is the failure to realize that the poetic use of historical sense. Literal sense of words can be easily understood with the help of a dictionary, “but an inability to seize the poetical sense of words is nor so easily remedied”.

This poem is the one fragment of Maithilishrn Gupt's poem 'Yashodhra'. Here Rahul who is child of Budhdha and innocently he was telling to her mother to tell a story, and Yashodhra told her own husband's or Rahul's Father Budhdha's story. Yashodhra told about the event of Budhdha with Hunter who killed Swan.
Thus, if we don't know about the history of Budhdha we can not reach to the original meaning.

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