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I.A. Richard

I.A. Richards, along with T.S. Eliot, may be called the founding father of the New
Criticism.In the view of New Critics,According to I.A. Richard, four type of Misunderstanding.
1.Careless reading
2.prosaic reading
3.inappropriate metaphor
4.difference in meaning

Here, in this blog i wanna discuss this four factors or problems in understanding of poetry with the Maithilishran Gupt's poem.

Mathilishran Gupt
"माँ कह एक कहानी।"
बेटा समझ लिया क्या तूने मुझको अपनी नानी?"
"कहती है मुझसे यह चेटी, तू मेरी नानी की बेटी
कह माँ कह लेटी ही लेटी, राजा था या रानी?
माँ कह एक कहानी।"

"तू है हठी, मानधन मेरे, सुन उपवन में बड़े सवेरे,
तात भ्रमण करते थे तेरे, जहाँ सुरभी मनमानी।"
"जहाँ सुरभी मनमानी! हाँ माँ यही कहानी।"

वर्ण वर्ण के फूल खिले थे, झलमल कर हिमबिंदु झिले थे,
हलके झोंके हिले मिले थे, लहराता था पानी।"
"लहराता था पानी, हाँ हाँ यही कहानी।"

"गाते थे खग कल कल स्वर से, सहसा एक हँस ऊपर से,
गिरा बिद्ध होकर खर शर से, हुई पक्षी की हानी।"
"हुई पक्षी की हानी? करुणा भरी कहानी!"

चौंक उन्होंने उसे उठाया, नया जन्म सा उसने पाया,
इतने में आखेटक आया, लक्ष सिद्धि का मानी।"
"लक्ष सिद्धि का मानी! कोमल कठिन कहानी।"

"माँगा उसने आहत पक्षी, तेरे तात किन्तु थे रक्षी,
तब उसने जो था खगभक्षी, हठ करने की ठानी।"
"हठ करने की ठानी! अब बढ़ चली कहानी।"

हुआ विवाद सदय निर्दय में, उभय आग्रही थे स्वविषय में,
गयी बात तब न्यायालय में, सुनी सब ने जानी।"
"सुनी सब ने जानी! व्यापक हुई कहानी।"

राहुल तू निर्णय कर इसका, न्याय पक्ष लेता है किसका?"
"माँ मेरी क्या बानी? मैं सुन रहा कहानी।
कोई निरपराध को मारे तो क्यों न उसे उबारे?
रक्षक पर भक्षक को वारे, न्याय दया का दानी।"
"न्याय दया का दानी! तूने गुणी कहानी।"
- मैथिलीशरण गुप्त
(Verbal Analysis of poem)
Here, Rahul (son of Budhdha) is the narrator of poem and he is innocently asking to telll a story to his mother Yashodhra and she is telling a story to him.
She starts a story with narration of gardern where budhdha was strolling where flowers were blossom and lake was full with fresh water and suddenly he saw that one bird fall down which was killed by hunter.
Issue arised for justice..and reach to the court.
Thus, this is the poem in which Yashodhara told the real story of Budhdha to her son Rahul and At the end she is asking question to us or Rahul that justice should in whose favour?

One of the serious cause of misunderstanding is the failure to realize that the poetic use of historical sense. Literal sense of words can be easily understood with the help of a dictionary, “but an inability to seize the poetical sense of words is nor so easily remedied”.

This poem is the one fragment of Maithilishrn Gupt's poem 'Yashodhra'. Here Rahul who is child of Budhdha and innocently he was telling to her mother to tell a story, and Yashodhra told her own husband's or Rahul's Father Budhdha's story. Yashodhra told about the event of Budhdha with Hunter who killed Swan.
Thus, if we don't know about the history of Budhdha we can not reach to the original meaning.

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